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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Multi-Level Disparities in Green Development
and Dynamic Impacts of Driving Factors
Amid Carbon Emission Constraints:
A Comparative Study of Mid-Downstream
Regions in the Yellow River Basin
1
School of Economics, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China
2
Center of High Education, National Institution of Education Science, Beijing 100088, China
Submission date: 2024-05-03
Final revision date: 2024-08-15
Acceptance date: 2024-09-03
Online publication date: 2025-01-08
Publication date: 2025-11-04
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(6):6653-6669
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The environmental conservation and economic development in the middle and lower reaches
of the Yellow River Basin are pivotal components of China’s pursuit of high-quality development.
Nevertheless, the majority of scholarly attention has been directed towards the basin’s overall
development, overlooking the catalytic impact of coordinated growth in the middle and lower reaches.
Therefore, this study establishes an index system for green development under carbon emission
limits, focusing on sixty-three cities in the middle and lower reaches. A two-stage nested Theil index
is applied to trace multi-level spatial disparities, and a comparative analysis elucidates the dynamic
effects of green development drivers in these regions. The findings indicate that: (1) Green development
has improved considerably overall, with the downstream region surpassing the midstream region
by a considerable margin. (2) There are significant spatial disparities, and within-province differences
are the main cause of such disparities. Nonetheless, there’s been a trend in recent years for both
the within-region differences and their share of the overall difference to increase. (3) The high quality
of economic development serves as a crucial driver for sustainable green development. Benefits to
the environment are increasingly clearly playing a driving role. Under carbon constraints, it is essential
to consider both environmental benefits and societal well-being. Sustainable development and ecological
balance pose distinct regional challenges.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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