In order to explore the physical properties of the soil in different land use patterns. In this paper, the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil under different land use patterns (Uncaria rhynchophylla base, forest land and wasteland) in Uncaria rhynchophylla-producing areas of Jianhe County, Guizhou Province were studied, and the distribution characteristics of soil physical indexes under different land use patterns and their correlations were studied. The results showed that there were significant differences in soil physical properties between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere under different land use patterns. Compared with forest land and wasteland, Uncaria rhynchophylla base can significantly increase the soil water content, soil capillary porosity, and significantly reduce the soil bulk density. The rhizosphere soil water content was as follows: Uncaria rhynchophylla base (21.09 g/cm³) < forest land (20.19 g/cm³) < wasteland (19.19 g/cm³); The variation of soil capillary porosity was as follows: Uncaria rhynchophylla base (45.04 g/cm³) > forest land (31.37 g/cm³) > wasteland (22.51 g/cm³). Most of the physical indexes of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil in forest land and wasteland showed weak significant correlation. The correlation of soil physical indexes in wasteland is weak, and the correlation between soil water content in rhizosphere and soil capillary porosity is strong. Different land use patterns have a great impact on soil physical indexes, so the role of land use pattern should be considered in the process of Uncaria rhynchophylla planting.