ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Techno-Enviro-Economic Assessment of Hydrodrive-Incinerator Waste-to-Energy Technology in Bogor Cit
 
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1
Research Center for Sustainable Industrial and Manufacturing Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), the B.J. Habibie Science and Technology Area (KST), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
 
2
Directorate for Policy Evaluation of Research, Technology, and Innovation, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), B.J. Habibie Building, Central Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
 
3
Directorate for Economy, Employment, and Regional Development Policy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), B.J. Habibie Building, Central Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
 
4
Research Center for Domestic Government, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Sarwono Prawirohardjo Science Area, South Jakarta 12710, Indonesia
 
5
Directorate for Measurement and Indicators of Research, Technology, and Innovation, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), B.J. Habibie Building, Central Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
 
6
Bogor City Government, Bogor City 16122, West Java, Indonesia
 
7
Directorate of Scientific Collection Management, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), the Soekarno Science and Technology Area (KST), Bogor Regency, West Java 16915, Indonesia
 
8
Research Center for Behavioral and Circular Economics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Sarwono Prawirohardjo Science Area, South Jakarta 12710, Indonesia
 
 
Submission date: 2025-08-08
 
 
Final revision date: 2025-12-11
 
 
Acceptance date: 2026-01-02
 
 
Online publication date: 2026-05-25
 
 
Corresponding author
Nugraheni Setiastuti   

Research Center for Sustainable Industrial and Manufacturing Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), the B.J. Habibie Science and Technology Area (KST), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
 
 
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Waste-to-Energy (WtE) technology offers a reliable, sustainable waste management approach. Integrating circular economy principles enhances sustainability and cuts costs. Despite Indonesia’s environmental and economic urgency to adopt WtE due to limited landfill capacity, the current waste management policy mainly focuses on minimizing Capex and initial investment risks, making it inadequate. This narrow focus overlooks intangible benefits like improved health and neighborhood comfort. Integrating ecological and human factors is crucial for sustainable development. This research assesses the techno-economic feasibility of the Hydrodrive-Incinerator as a sustainable waste solution for Bogor City, using a comprehensive Enviro-Economic Assessment to monetize benefits like public health and GHG reductions. Results indicate that if GHG emissions are not accounted for, the project is profitable in its 13th year (IDR 216,874,760). Crucially, when GHG emissions are included, profitability is accelerated to its 8th year (IDR 2,434,809,810). WtE incinerators promote sustainable waste management and environmental objectives, while also providing financial advantages. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the project’s viability is highly sensitive to the valuation of Environmental Benefits, with a pessimistic combination of increased Capex (+10%) and reduced Environmental Benefit (-25%) being the only scenario that renders the project economically unfeasible (B/C Ratio 0.99). Therefore, strong local government commitment through policy and funding is paramount for successful implementation.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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