Heavy metals in the collapsed lake of Zhuxianzhuang Mine in the typical coal mine of Huaibei Coalfield were selected as the research object. Differences, sources and human health risks of heavy metals such as Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, V, Zn and Mn in four seasons of lake water were analyzed. Among them, the content of V element was the highest in all four seasons (1.80~7.04mg/l), while the content of Cd was the lowest (0.03~1.92mg/l). In addition, the elements of the super background value are: V, Ni, Cu, and Cr, wherein the V content exceeds the background value multiple of 4.3 to 12.93. Principal component analysis (PCA) results show that the three principal components share 81.6% of the variance contribution rate. Finally, the results of lake water health risk assessment showed that the risk of non-carcinogenicity of 8 heavy metals was: Cu>Cd>Cr>Ni>Pb>V>Zn>Mn. The Cr element is the main carcinogenic risk element in the lake water of the study area, and the risk value is concentrated at 1.16E-08~7.54E-07. Among the exposed population, the hazard index (HI) of Mn was 49.21 times that of adults. In general, the hazard index value is <1, and the cancer risk is within acceptable levels (1E-06). But from the perspective of public health and safety, we need to maintain further observation and research on these elements.