ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Corncob Filtered Gray Water Improves Spinach Growth by Modulating Antioxidant Defense Enzymes
 
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1
Institute of Agro-Industry & Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
 
2
Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
 
3
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
 
4
Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Burydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
 
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Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
 
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Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
 
7
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
 
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Department of Crop and Animal Production, Safiye Cikrikcioglu Vocational College, Kayseri University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
 
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Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
 
10
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
 
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Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
 
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Department of Biology,Faculty of Science,University of Tabuk P.O.Box:741,Tabuk,71491,Saudi Arabia
 
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Department of Chemistry, Rabigh College of Sciences and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
 
14
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 1988, Saudi Arabia
 
 
Submission date: 2024-09-13
 
 
Final revision date: 2025-03-14
 
 
Acceptance date: 2025-04-19
 
 
Online publication date: 2025-09-03
 
 
Corresponding author
Yu Chen   

Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
 
 
 
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ABSTRACT
Increasing water demand and the use of treated gray water as an alternate source for irrigation are gaining global importance. This study evaluated the treatment of gray water using a natural adsorbent corn cob filter and investigated the effects of treated gray water on the growth of two spinach varieties (Sindhi and Prikli). The current study showed a significant reduction in morpho-physiological and antioxidant attributes in both spinach varieties when subjected to untreated gray water. However, treated gray water significantly improved the plant root/shoot ratio, water and chlorophyll contents, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), plant soluble sugar contents, and reduced concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents. Moreover, both spinach varieties significantly varied in response to gray water treatment. The Sindhi variety showed comparatively better growth and physio-biochemical attributes than the spinach variety Prikli. It can be concluded that treated gray water may be considered as an alternative for irrigation of horticultural crops.
eISSN:2083-5906
ISSN:1230-1485
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