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eISSN: 2083-5906
ISSN: 1230-1485
ISSN: 1230-1485
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Corncob Filtered Gray Water Improves
Spinach Growth by Modulating
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes
1
Institute of Agro-Industry & Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
2
Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences
(Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
3
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
4
Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Burydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
5
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
6
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
7
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
8
Department of Crop and Animal Production, Safiye Cikrikcioglu Vocational College,
Kayseri University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
9
Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
10
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
11
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
12
Department of Biology,Faculty of Science,University of Tabuk P.O.Box:741,Tabuk,71491,Saudi Arabia
13
Department of Chemistry, Rabigh College of Sciences and Arts, King Abdulaziz University,
Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
14
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 1988, Saudi Arabia
Submission date: 2024-09-13
Final revision date: 2025-03-14
Acceptance date: 2025-04-19
Online publication date: 2025-09-03
Corresponding author
Yu Chen
Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Increasing water demand and the use of treated gray water as an alternate source for irrigation
are gaining global importance. This study evaluated the treatment of gray water using a natural
adsorbent corn cob filter and investigated the effects of treated gray water on the growth of two spinach
varieties (Sindhi and Prikli). The current study showed a significant reduction in morpho-physiological
and antioxidant attributes in both spinach varieties when subjected to untreated gray water. However,
treated gray water significantly improved the plant root/shoot ratio, water and chlorophyll contents,
activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), plant soluble sugar
contents, and reduced concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents. Moreover, both spinach varieties significantly varied in response to gray water treatment. The Sindhi
variety showed comparatively better growth and physio-biochemical attributes than the spinach variety
Prikli. It can be concluded that treated gray water may be considered as an alternative for irrigation of
horticultural crops.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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| ISSN: | 1230-1485 |
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