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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Distribution of Potential Antibiotic
Resistance Genes in Microbial
Communities on the Changhua Coast
1
Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, 168 University Road, Dacun, Changhua 51591, Taiwan
2
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Da-Yeh University, 168 University Road, Dacun, Changhua 51591, Taiwan
3
Department of Planning and Research, National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan
4
Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan
These authors had equal contribution to this work
Submission date: 2024-07-26
Final revision date: 2024-09-23
Acceptance date: 2024-11-07
Online publication date: 2025-01-29
Publication date: 2026-01-29
Corresponding author
Chorng-Horng Lin
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Da-Yeh University, 168 University Road, Dacun, Changhua 51591, Taiwan
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Da-Yeh University, 168 University Road, Dacun, Changhua 51591, Taiwan
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2026;35(1):121-131
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
In this study, the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in microbial communities on
the Changhua coast was investigated. Soil samples collected from the Changhua coast were subjected
to DNA extraction, 16S rDNA sequencing, and microbial community analysis, and four computational
approaches, including BugBase, Functional Annotation of Prokaryotic Taxa (FAPROTAX), Phylogenetic
Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt2), and Tax4Fun2,
were used to conduct comparative analysis of ARGs. The results revealed that Proteobacteria,
Campylobacteria, Desulfobacteria, Bacteroides, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi were the predominant
bacteria on the Changhua coast. PICRUSt2 analysis revealed that the ARGs phenicol (average 58.8%),
β-lactams (21.9%), and tetracyclines (11.1%) were the three predominant agents, whereas macrolidelincosamide-
streptogramin (MLS) (52.2%), phenicol (21.1%), and β-lactams (9.3%) were the three
predominant ARGs according to the Tax4Fun2 tool. Correlation analysis revealed positive correlations
between MLS and phenicol, MLS and tetracycline, and phenicol and tetracycline. The results reveal the
distribution of possible ARGs in Changhua coastal soil, which is helpful for assessing environmental
safety.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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