About the Journal
In Memory of Professor Jerzy Radecki
Editorial Office
Editorial Board
Scope
Impact Factor
Indexed in...
Journal Impact Factor contributing items
Contact
Subscription
Current issue
Online first
Notes to Authors
Frequently Asked Questions
Editorial policies
PJOES Publication Policy Overview
PJOES Peer Review Policy
PJOES Research Ethics and Malpractice Policy
PJOES Plagiarism Policy
PJOES Conflict of Interest Policy
PJOES Open Access Policy
PJOES Instructions for Reviewers
Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies Policy
Archive
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Green Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles
Using Black Tea Extract (BTE) to Remove
Polyethylene (PE) Microplastics from Water
1
Department of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-Si, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Energy & Environment Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Sindh,
Pakistan
Submission date: 2024-07-14
Final revision date: 2024-08-15
Acceptance date: 2024-09-09
Online publication date: 2024-11-14
Publication date: 2025-11-04
Corresponding author
Yeom Ick Tae
Department of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-Si, Republic of Korea, SUWON-SI, Korea (South)
Department of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-Si, Republic of Korea, SUWON-SI, Korea (South)
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(6):7007-7015
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Microplastics are a global concern due to their toxic effects on marine life and human health.
In the list of pollutants, microplastics are prominent and play a vital role in defragmenting
the environment, particularly their presence in water bodies. This present study examines the
efficacy of green synthesized magnetic nanoparticles in removing microplastics from water.
The iron particles were synthesized through the black tea extract. For the experiments, two standard
microplastic sizes were used (150 and 450 μm). The synthesis approach was selected to reduce the utilization
of toxic chemicals. In addition, the polyphenol components in the black tea extract were the alternative to
chemicals in the synthesis process of the magnetic nanoparticles. Experiments were performed at different
water pH levels alongside different doses of nanoparticles (BTMNPs) and microplastics (PE) sizes.
During experiments, it was observed that 0.5 g/l Black tea magnetic nanoparticles (BTMNPs) and 60
minutes of adsorption treatment were given ideal magnetization of polyethylene (PE) microplastics. By
analyzing the removal of nanoparticles, it was revealed that 90% of the microplastics were removed. The
removal mechanism was the adhesion of nanoparticles on the surface of polyethylene microplastics and
employing a magnetic to attract the iron-coated microplastics. In addition, the magnetic particles were
reutilized for the same purpose, and promising results were obtained after the reutilization of BTMNPs
for several cycles. The magnetic nanoparticles proved highly efficient in the removal of polyethylene
microplastics.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
REFERENCES (43)
1.
LI P., WANG X., SU M., ZOU X., DUAN L., ZHANG H. Characteristics of plastic pollution in the environment: a review. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 107, 577, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128....
2.
PRIYA A., MURUGANANDAM M., IMRAN M., GILL R., REDDY M.R.V., SHKIR M., SAYED M., ALABDULAAL T., ALGARNI H., ARIF M. A study on managing plastic waste to tackle the worldwide plastic contamination and environmental remediation. Chemosphere, 341, 139979, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chem....
3.
CHEN Y., AWASTHI A.K., WEI F., TAN Q., LI J. Single-use plastics: Production, usage, disposal, and adverse impacts. Science of the Total Environment, 752, 141772, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit....
4.
SIPE J.M., BOSSA N., BERGER W., VON WINDHEIM N., GALL K., WIESNER M.R. From bottle to microplastics: Can we estimate how our plastic products are breaking down? Science of The Total Environment, 814, 152460, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit....
5.
FRIAS J.P., NASH R. Microplastics: Finding a consensus on the definition. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 138, 145, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marp....
6.
LASKAR N., KUMAR U. Plastics and microplastics: A threat to environment. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 14, 100352, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.....
7.
CHEN X., HONG L. Preparation of Chitin Composite Hydrogel for Dye-Contaminated Water Treatment. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 31 (1), 2022. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes....
8.
AHMED R., HAMID A.K., KREBSBACH S.A., HE J., WANG D. Critical review of microplastics removal from the environment. Chemosphere, 293, 133557, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chem....
9.
XU X., LIU X., OH M., PARK J. Oyster shell as a low-cost adsorbent for removing heavy metal ions from wastewater. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 28 (4), 2949, 2019. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes....
10.
TORKASHVAND M., HASAN-ZADEH A. Mini Review on Physical Microplastic Separation Methods in the Marine Ecosystem. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 13 (5), 479, 2022.
11.
SHAO Y., LIU B., GUO K., GAO Y., YUE Q., GAO B. Coagulation performance and mechanism of different hydrolyzed aluminum species for the removal of composite pollutants of polyethylene and humic acid. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 465, 133076, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhaz....
12.
ZHOU G., WANG Q., LI J., LI Q., XU H., YE Q., WANG Y., SHU S., ZHANG J. Removal of polystyrene and polyethylene microplastics using PAC and FeCl3 coagulation: Performance and mechanism. Science of the Total Environment, 752, 141837, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit....
13.
IYARE P.U., OUKI S.K., BOND T. Microplastics removal in wastewater treatment plants: a critical review. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, 6 (10), 2664, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EW00....
14.
XU L., MA R., SUN C., SUN D. Enterococcus faecalis Bioflocculant Enhances Recovery of Graphene Oxide from Water. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 27 (6), 2018. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes....
15.
GOLMOHAMMADI M., MUSAVI S.F., HABIBI M., MALEKI R., GOLGOLI M., ZARGAR M., DUMÉE L.F., BAROUTIAN S., RAZMJOU A. Molecular mechanisms of microplastics degradation: A review. Separation and Purification Technology, 309, 122906, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sepp....
16.
SURANA M., PATTANAYAK D.S., YADAV V., SINGH V., PAL D. An insight decipher on photocatalytic degradation of microplastics: Mechanism, limitations, and future outlook. Environmental Research, 118268, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envr....
17.
RICARDO I.A., ALBERTO E.A., JÚNIOR A.H.S., MACUVELE D.L.P., PADOIN N., SOARES C., RIELLA H.G., STARLING M.C.V., TROVO A.G. A critical review on microplastics, interaction with organic and inorganic pollutants, impacts and effectiveness of advanced oxidation processes applied for their removal from aqueous matrices. Chemical Engineering Journal, 424, 130282, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.....
18.
TOULIABAH H.E.-S., EL-SHEEKH M.M., ISMAIL M.M., EL-KASSAS H. A review of microalgae-and cyanobacteria-based biodegradation of organic pollutants. Molecules, 27 (3), 1141, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecu....
19.
CHAN S.S., KHOO K.S., CHEW K.W., LING T.C., SHOW P.L. Recent advances biodegradation and biosorption of organic compounds from wastewater: Microalgae-bacteria consortium-A review. Bioresource Technology, 344, 126159, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bior....
20.
REN X., ZENG G., TANG L., WANG J., WAN J., WANG J., DENG Y., LIU Y., PENG B. The potential impact on the biodegradation of organic pollutants from composting technology for soil remediation. Waste Management, 72, 138, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasm....
21.
TANG Y., ZHANG S., SU Y., WU D., ZHAO Y., XIE B. Removal of microplastics from aqueous solutions by magnetic carbon nanotubes. Chemical Engineering Journal, 406, 126804, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.....
22.
GRBIC J., NGUYEN B., GUO E., YOU J.B., SINTON D., ROCHMAN C.M. Magnetic extraction of microplastics from environmental samples. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 6 (2), 68, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.es....
23.
WANG L., KAEPPLER A., FISCHER D., SIMMCHEN J. Photocatalytic TiO2 micromotors for removal of microplastics and suspended matter. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 11 (36), 32937, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami....
24.
ARAGÓN D., GARCÍA-MERINO B., BARQUÍN C., BRINGAS E., RIVERO M.J., ORTIZ I. Advanced green capture of microplastics from different water matrices by surface-modified magnetic nanoparticles. Separation and Purification Technology, 128813, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sepp....
25.
SHEN M., SONG B., ZHU Y., ZENG G., ZHANG Y., YANG Y., WEN X., CHEN M., YI H. Removal of microplastics via drinking water treatment: Current knowledge and future directions. Chemosphere, 251, 126612, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chem....
26.
EXPÓSITO N., ROVIRA J., SIERRA J., FOLCH J., SCHUHMACHER M. Microplastics levels, size, morphology and composition in marine water, sediments and sand beaches. Case study of Tarragona coast (western Mediterranean). Science of The Total Environment, 786, 147453, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit....
27.
PASANEN F., FULLER R.O., MAYA F. Fast and simultaneous removal of microplastics and plastic-derived endocrine disruptors using a magnetic ZIF-8 nanocomposite. Chemical Engineering Journal, 455, 140405, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.....
28.
YING S., GUAN Z., OFOEGBU P.C., CLUBB P., RICO C., HE F., HONG J. Green synthesis of nanoparticles: Current developments and limitations. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 26, 102336, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.....
29.
XIAO C., LI H., ZHAO Y., ZHANG X., WANG X. Green synthesis of iron nanoparticle by tea extract (polyphenols) and its selective removal of cationic dyes. Journal of Environmental Management, 275, 111262, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenv....
30.
NGUYEN D.A., NGUYEN V.B., JANG A. Integrated adsorption using ultrahigh-porosity magnesium oxide with multi-output predictive deep belief networks: A robust approach for fluoride treatment. Chemical Engineering Journal, 484, 149586, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.....
31.
NGUYEN D.A., NGUYEN V.B., JANG A. Ultrahigh-porosity Ranunculus-like MgO adsorbent coupled with predictive deep belief networks: A transformative method for phosphorus treatment. Water Research, 249, 120930, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watr....
32.
CAILES J., DUNSMORE R., LINGE K.L. Assessment of portable FTIR and Raman spectroscopy for the detection of 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMDNB) in plastic explosives. Defence Technology, 34, 11, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2....
33.
MANOJKUMAR U., KALIANNAN D., BALASUBRAMANIAN B., KAMYAB H., VASSEGHIAN Y., CHELLIAPAN S., SENTHILKUMAR P. A novel photocatalytic degradation of mixed dye through chemically synthesized ZnO/Fe2O3 nanocomposite. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 46 (7), 221, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653....
34.
RAMA P., THANGAPUSHBAM V., SIVAKAMI S., JOTHIKA M., MARISELVI P., SUNDARAM R., MUTHU K. Preparation, characterization of green synthesis FeO nanoparticles and their photocatalytic activity towards Basic Fuschin dye. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 101 (4), 101142, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jics....
35.
SAJI R., RAMANI A., GANDHI K., SETH R., SHARMA R. Application of FTIR spectroscopy in dairy products: a systematic review. Food and Humanity, 100239, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooh....
36.
HE Y., YAN S., HE Y., YU J., LI S., GONG X., RUI G. Graphene oxide nanofiltration membrane for efficient dye separation by β-FeOOH intercalation and dopamine surface modification. Chemical Engineering Science, 120344, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.....
37.
AKHTAR M., HUSSAIN M., NAEEM F., AKHTER P., JAMIL F., QAMAR O.A., BAZMI A.A., TARIQ N., ASRAR A., PARK Y.-K. Green and sustainable synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles for synergetic removal of melanoidin from ethanol distillery simulated model wastewater. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 132, 291, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec....
38.
SMITH B. The infrared spectra of polymers II: polyethylene. Spectroscopy, 36 (9), 24, 2021. https://doi.org/10.56530/spect....
39.
LIN B., ZHENG C., ZHU Q., XIE F. A polyolefin encapsulant material designed for photovoltaic modules: from perspectives of peel strength and transmittance. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 140, 2259, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973....
40.
ZHOU G., HUANG X., XU H., WANG Q., WANG M., WANG Y., LI Q., ZHANG Y., YE Q., ZHANG J. Removal of polystyrene nanoplastics from water by CuNi carbon material: the role of adsorption. Science of The Total Environment, 820, 153190, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit....
41.
PRAMANIK B.K., PRAMANIK S.K., MONIRA S. Understanding the fragmentation of microplastics into nano-plastics and removal of nano/microplastics from wastewater using membrane, air flotation and nanoferrofluid processes. Chemosphere, 282, 131053, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chem....
42.
ZHANG Y., ZHAO J., LIU Z., TIAN S., LU J., MU R., YUAN H. Coagulation removal of microplastics from wastewater by magnetic magnesium hydroxide and PAM. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 43, 102250, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe....
43.
YE H., WANG Y., LIU X., XU D., YUAN H., SUN H., WANG S., MA X. Magnetically steerable iron oxides-manganese dioxide core-shell micromotors for organic and microplastic removals. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 588, 510, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis....
| eISSN: | 2083-5906 |
| ISSN: | 1230-1485 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
