Haze pollution (HP), a major concern in air pollution, poses a threat to human health as well as the sustainable development of society. Due to the limitations of unilateral governance, joint governance (JG) has become a new targeted management strategy. This study aims to construct the Spatial Dubin Model (SDM) to verify the spatial spillover of HP and environmental regulation (ER). Based on this, the gravity model and social network analysis (SNA) are adopted to construct inter-provincial HP networks and JG networks. Finally, the Pan Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Yangtze River Deltas are selected as the representatives for a comparative analysis of the haze JG network. The findings indicate that: (1) there is a spatial spillover of haze, leading to malignant cross-pollution among regions, and the presence of a “free riding” phenomenon in environmental governance; (2) The Pan Beijing- Tianjin-Hebei and Yangtze River Delta regions exhibit higher network density (ND) compared to the national level, while the ND in JG network is significantly lower than that of HP networks across all regions; (3) The clustering trend of HP network in Pan Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is not evident, whereas the JG network demonstrates high in-degree centralization; (4) The Yangtze River Delta has seen an accumulation of HP near Nanjing, Ma’anshan, and Chuzhou, accompanied by considerable ER disparities and an illogical layout of the JG network; (5) The prevailing disparities in endogenous power, political factors, and collaborative prospects contribute to the Pan Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region’s overall advantage in terms of network proximity and node arrangement compared to the Yangtze River Delta.