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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Supplementation of Kelp Waste Extract
with Different Nitrogen Sources as a Promising
Technique to Enhance Growth and Lipid
Accumulation in Chlorella sorokiniana
1
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing
Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
2
Sindh Agriculture University Tando jam Sindh 70060, Pakistan
3
College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
4
US Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan
5
KCAET Khairpur Mir’s, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam Sindh 70060, Pakistan
6
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sindh Agriculture University Tando jam Sindh 70060, Pakistan
7
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology,
Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
8
School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
9
Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
10
Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan
11
Department of Life Sciences, Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan
12
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University,
P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
13
Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal,
Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18000, Pakistan
14
School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
Submission date: 2023-10-10
Final revision date: 2023-12-06
Acceptance date: 2024-06-28
Online publication date: 2024-11-13
Publication date: 2025-06-06
Corresponding author
Wang Changhai
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
Rashid Iqbal
Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan
Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan
Allah Ditta
Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir (U), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18000, Pakistan, Pakistan
Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir (U), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18000, Pakistan, Pakistan
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(4):4723-4732
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Microalgae have been investigated for the production of different biofuels, and the feedstock
is gaining interest in the present day due to their fast growth potential added to relatively high lipid, carbohydrate, and nutrient contents. The purpose of this study is to perform research to grow
commercial microalgae and to produce a significant amount of lipid content from microalgae harvested
as a viable alternative to renewable energy. The commercial microalga chosen is Chlorella sorokinian.
Nitrogen is an essential element for microalgal growth, lipid synthesis, and several physiological
processes. Microalgae can utilize several nitrogen sources, including nitrate and ammonium.
The growth and lipid content of microalgae cultures and their biochemical structures are influenced by
the type of nitrogen utilized, which is contingent upon the specific species of algae and the quantities
and sources of nitrogen. This study aims to increase the growth and lipid accumulation of the microalga
Chlorella sorokiniana by varying the nitrogen sources NaNO3, KNO3, and NH4Cl concentration
in the culture medium. Results indicate that the highest cell density of 28.83 × 107 cell mL-1 and the maximum
4.1 g L-1 dry biomass were obtained under the treatment of sodium nitrate. Among nitrogen sources,
the better pigment contents chl a 17.2 mg L-1 and chl. b contents were recorded in the case of sodium
nitrate, followed by potassium nitrate and ammonium chloride. However, carbohydrate production
was found to be a maximum of 390.1 μg mL-1 in ammonium chloride culture. The lipid content was
measured using the Bligh and Dyer method and observed the highest 19% in sodium nitrate culture
compared to other nitrogen sources. Overall, it can be concluded that sodium nitrate culture produced
promising results regarding biomass production and different biochemical attributes.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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