The CO₂ emissions from China’s coal consumption account for 14.3% of the world’s CO₂ emissions. The taxation of China’s coal industry affects the progress of world emissions reduction to some extent. This paper establishes six countermeasure scenarios with different tax systems considering carbon tax and indirect tax, then constructs a dynamic recursive computable general equilibrium model to simulate the tax system changes of the coal industry. It turns out that in both rural and urban populations, coal consumption is more sensitive to the carbon tax and indirect tax compared with the consumption of other commodities. The reduction effect of increasing tax will grow and social reduction cost will be reduced over time. Increasing the coal industry tax can reduce CO₂ emissions significantly and will suffer relatively less GDP loss, for example increasing 20% of indirect tax on the coal industry will lead to 3.65 billion tons of CO₂ reduction during 2018-2030, accounting for 10.05% of 2015 world CO₂ emissions. We found that increasing taxes can improve all industries’ energy efficiency, which reflects on the powerful role of the coal industry in guiding the market to reducing CO₂ emissions. Finally, these results strongly recommend that China should increase indirect tax as quickly as possible to reach the long-term interests as soon as possible.