About the Journal
In Memory of Professor Jerzy Radecki
Ownership and Management Statement
Editorial Office
Editorial Board
Scope
Impact Factor
Indexed by
Journal Impact Factor contributing items
Publication Frequency
Revenue Sources & Business Model
Contact
Subscription
Current issue
Online first
Instructions for Authors
Copyright & Licensing
Publication Fees
Editorial policies
Publication Policy Overview
Peer Review Policy
Research Ethics and Malpractice Policy
Plagiarism Policy
Conflict of Interest Policy
Open Access Policy
Instructions for Reviewers
Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies Policy
Advertising Policy
Direct Marketing & Manuscript Solicitation
Digital Archiving and Preservation Policy
CrossMark, Correction, and Retraction Policy
Archive
Publication Fees
Copyright & Licensing
Editorial policies
Publication Policy Overview
Peer Review Policy
Research Ethics and Malpractice Policy
Plagiarism Policy
Conflict of Interest Policy
Open Access Policy
Instructions for Reviewers
Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies Policy
Advertising Policy
Direct Marketing & Manuscript Solicitation
Digital Archiving and Preservation Policy
CrossMark, Correction, and Retraction Policy
eISSN: 2083-5906
ISSN: 1230-1485
ISSN: 1230-1485
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Coupled Influences and Lagged Effects
of Climate and Topography on Vegetation
Dynamics in Yiliang County
1
Water Conservancy College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
2
Yunnan International Joint Research and Development Center for Smart Environment,
Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
Submission date: 2025-09-07
Final revision date: 2025-12-21
Acceptance date: 2026-02-08
Online publication date: 2026-05-26
Corresponding author
Jianxiong Wang
Water Conservancy College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
Water Conservancy College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
KEYWORDS
normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)Yiliang Countyinfluencing factorscorrelation analysiscross-correlation analysis
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
In order to further study the spatiotemporal dynamic changes of vegetation in Yiliang County,
explore the multiple factors affecting vegetation coverage and the hysteresis of precipitation and
temperature on NDVI, the Landsat8 dataset from 2014 to 2024 was selected to calculate the annual,
seasonal, and monthly mean values of NDVI using the mean method and explore the interannual change
trend and vegetation coverage changes in Yiliang County in the past 10 years. The coupling changes
of NDVI and influencing factors were analyzed using the correlation coefficient method, and the
hysteresis effect of temperature and precipitation on NDVI was explored by cross-correlation analysis.
The annual mean NDVI value of Yiliang County from 2014 to 2024 was 0.5949. The seasonal mean
NDVI was highest in autumn and lowest in spring, reaching a peak in August and a minimum in March.
The area of vegetation increase in Yiliang County was greater than the area of vegetation decrease, and
vegetation growth generally improved. The vegetation coverage rate at an altitude of 1,900-2,000 m
was the highest, at 17.23%, and the largest NDVI proportion occurred at slopes of 10°-15°, at 19.42%.
The area of positive correlation was larger than the area of negative correlation. Increased precipitation
and a moderate increase in temperature both promote vegetation growth, and there is a lag in the effects
of precipitation and temperature on NDVI.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
REFERENCES (31)
1.
CHEN T.T., WANG Q.I., WANG Y.X., PENG L. Processes and mechanisms of vegetation ecosystem responding to climate and ecological restoration in China. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 1062691, 2022.
2.
WANG Y.C., HE J., HE L., ZHANG Y.J., ZHANG X.P. Vegetation phenology and its response to climate change in the Yellow River Basin from 2001 to 2020. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 44 (2), 844, 2024 [In Chinese].
3.
ZHAO D.P., WANG F.X. Spatiotemporal evolution of vegetation NDVI in Gansu Province and analysis of its climatic driving forces. Green Technology, 26 (24), 39, 2024 [In Chinese].
4.
LINSCHEID N., ESTUPINAN-SUAREZ L.M., BRENNING A., CARVALHAIS N., CREMER F., GANS F., RAMMIG A., REICHSTEIN M., SIERRA C.A., MAHECHA M.D. Towards a global understanding of vegetation-climate dynamics at multiple timescales. Biogeosciences, 17 (4), 945, 2020.
5.
ZHANG W.S., SHANG J., XU Y. Analysis of vegetation growth trends in Anhui Province from 2001 to 2020 based on MODIS-NDVI data. Rural Science and Technology, 15 (18), 118, 2024 [In Chinese].
6.
FANG X., CHEN B.H., JIN Q.F. Analysis of spatiotemporal patterns and driving factors of NDVI in Zhejiang Province over 20 years. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology, 44 (6), 88, 2024 [In Chinese].
7.
MA L., ZHANG H.Y. Spatiotemporal changes of NDVI in the northern slope of Qinling Mountains from 2010 to 2020: A case study of Xi'an City. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 41 (9), 34, 2023 [In Chinese].
8.
HAN W., CHEN D., LI H., CHANG Z., CHEN J., YE L., LIU S., WANG Z. Spatiotemporal Variation of NDVI in Anhui Province from 2001 to 2019 and Its Response to Climatic Factors. Forests, 13 (10), 2022.
9.
TAO M., LUO X.T., LUO M., YANG C.J. Spatiotemporal changes of vegetation coverage and its driving factors in the Hengduan Mountains. Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation, 44 (5), 183, 2024 [In Chinese].
10.
GUO E., WANG Y., WANG C., SUN Z., BAO Y., MANDULA N., JIRIGALA B., BAO Y., LI H. NDVI Indicates Long-Term Dynamics of Vegetation and Its Driving Forces from Climatic and Anthropogenic Factors in Mongolian Plateau. Remote Sensing, 13 (4), 2021.
11.
LONG C.Y. Analysis of spatiotemporal changes of vegetation parameters in Anhui Province using time series NDVI. Geospatial Information, 22 (5), 88, 2024 [In Chinese].
12.
NOONI I.K., OGOU F.K., PREMPEH N.A., SAIDOU CHAIBOU A.A., HAGAN D.F.T., JIN Z., LU J. Analysis of Long-Term Vegetation Trends and Their Climatic Driving Factors in Equatorial Africa. Forests, 15 (7), 2024.
13.
SUNITA S., GHOSH T., AMARI A., YADAV V.K., OSMAN H., SAHOO D.K., PATEL A. Appraisal of longterm responsiveness of normalized difference vegetation index to climatic factors using multiscale time-frequency decomposition in an arid environment. Frontiers in Earth Science, 11, 2023.
14.
EISFELDER C., ÜREYEN S., ASAM S., HIRNER A., REINERS P., HUTH J., BACHOFER F., BACHMANN M., HOLZWARTH S., KUENZER C. Thirty-Year Analyses of Seasonal NDVI and Climatic Drivers Across Different Land Cover Types and Biogeographical Regions in Europe. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 18, 11225, 2025.
15.
JEONG S., RYU Y., GENTINE P., LIAN X., FANG J., LI X., DECHANT B., KONG J., CHOI W., JIANG C., KEENAN T.F., HARRISON S.P., PRENTICE I.C. Persistent global greening over the last four decades using novel long-term vegetation index data with enhanced temporal consistency. Remote Sensing of Environment, 311, 2024.
16.
TUOKU L., WU Z., MEN B. Impacts of climate factors and human activities on NDVI change in China. Ecological Informatics, 81, 2024.
17.
LIU S.G. Analysis of vegetation coverage in Saihanba from 1984 to 2010. Modern Surveying and Mapping, 47 (3), 46, 2024 [In Chinese].
18.
LAWLEY V., LEWIS M., CLARKE K., OSTENDORF B. Site-based and remote sensing methods for monitoring indicators of vegetation condition: An Australian review. Ecological Indicators, 60, 1273, 2016.
19.
CAO L., WU F.H. Spatiotemporal evolution of vegetation coverage in Tangshan City and its response to topographic factors. Journal of North China University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 47 (1), 88, 2025 [In Chinese].
20.
XU Y., LI J.T., GUO Q.Y., LI H.S., WU H. Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of NDVI in Nanchang City and analysis of its climatic driving factors. Forest Engineering, 40 (5), 50, 2024 [In Chinese].
21.
FENG J.M., LIU Y.F., GUO L.X., WEN Q. Changes in NDVI in the Wei River basin from 2000 to 2021 and its influencing factors. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 63 (5), 22, 2024 [In Chinese].
22.
ZHANG Y.J., FAN X.F., WANG H.M., SUN L.L. Spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage in Chifeng City and its relationship with climatic factors. Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 53 (5), 471, 2024 [In Chinese].
23.
ZHU L.F., XIE S.Y., YANG H., MA M.G., XIA J. Terrain distribution characteristics of vegetation coverage changes in Sichuan Province from 2000 to 2020 based on MODIS-EVI. Ecological Science, 43 (4), 187, 2024 [In Chinese].
24.
XIONG C.H., MA H., LIANG S.L., HE T., ZHANG Y.F., ZHANG G.D., XU J.L. Improved global 250 m 8-day NDVI and EVI products from 2000-2021 using the LSTM model. Scientific Data, 10, 800, 2023.
25.
LUO X.F., DONG Z.L., SUN Y.F. Spatial and temporal changes of vegetation coverage in Sichuan Province and its influencing factors. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 44, 2438, 2025 [In Chinese].
26.
FAN X.C., GHEYRET G. Altitudinal Variation in Effect of Climate and Neighborhood Competition on Radial Growth of Picea schrenkiana in the Middle Tianshan Mountains, China. Forests, 16 (6), 2025.
27.
YANG M.Q., ZHU L., WANG R., HU Z.G. Spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of NDVI in Liao River Basin and its climatic responsiveness. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 44 (4), 1321, 2025 [In Chinese].
28.
KILPYS J., RIMKUS E., BYAMBASUREN O., LKHAMJAV J., SOYOL-ERDENE T.-O. Climate Impact on the Seasonal and Interannual Variation in NDVI and GPP in Mongolia. Atmosphere, 16 (11), 2025.
29.
ZHAN C., LIANG C., ZHAO L., JIANG S., NIU K., ZHANG Y., CHENG L. Vegetation Dynamics and its Response to Climate Change in the Yellow River Basin, China. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, 2022.
30.
XING Y., DAI R.L. Analysis of vegetation NDVI changes in Guizhou Province in 2020 and its driving factors. Science and Industry, 24 (13), 196, 2024 [In Chinese].
31.
LIU Y.L., WANG Y., LI M.L., SHI Q., YANG X.Y., CHI B., LONG J., YU Q., AVIRMED B., MYANGAN O., BAYANMUNKH G., NARANBAT D. Cumulative and Lagged Drought Effects Shape Start and End of Season on the Mongolian Plateau. Forests, 16 (12), 2025.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2083-5906 |
| ISSN: | 1230-1485 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
