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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Evaluation of Antioxidant Response
and Histopathological Alterations in Cyprinus
carpio and Oreochromis niloticus Infected with
Zoonotic Bacterial, Aeromonas hydrophila
1
Department of Natural Marine Science, College of Marine Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
2
Department of Biology, College of Education-Qurna, University of Basrah, Basra, Iraq
3
Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology,
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
4
Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
5
Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University,
PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
6
Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
7
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, 13736, Toukh, Egypt
8
Animal and Fish Production Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences,
King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
9
Fish and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha),
Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
Submission date: 2024-02-05
Final revision date: 2024-05-09
Acceptance date: 2024-05-27
Online publication date: 2024-09-24
Publication date: 2025-04-04
Corresponding author
Adnan B. Al-Hawash
Department of Biology, College of Education-Qurna, University of Basrah, Basra, Iraq
Department of Biology, College of Education-Qurna, University of Basrah, Basra, Iraq
Abdallah Tageldein Mansour
Animal and Fish Production Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
Animal and Fish Production Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(4):3519-3535
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the major virulent zoonotic bacterial diseases that adversely affect
the health of farmed fish, inducing higher mortalities. The current study focused on comparing the resistance
of the Common carp, Cyprinus carpio, and Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, to Aeromonas
hydrophila infection by investigating the antioxidant responses and histopathological alterations. Juveniles
of C. carpio and O. niloticus were randomly alienated into a control group (uninfected) and a challenged
group infected with 100 μL of A. hydrophila. Samples of liver, kidney, and spleen were collected
post-infection for 7 days to monitor antioxidant response, including glutathione peroxidase (GPX),
superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), and the assessment of the histopathological alteration
in the vital organs. The antioxidant indicators showed significant alterations post-exposure to A. hydrophila. Meanwhile, O. niloticus has significantly regulated an active antioxidant response than C.
carpio. Histological architecture showed that the liver is the most affected organ compared to the kidney
and spleen and revealed severe aggregation of melanophores and macular degeneration. Based on
the study outcomes, A. hydrophila is a highly virulent bacterium that induces noticeable alterations
in the antioxidant mechanism and histopathological changes in the liver, kidneys, and spleen of C. carpio
and O. niloticus. However, O. niloticus experiences an improved antioxidant response against A. hydrophila
infection compared with C. carpio.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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