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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Evaluation of Growth and Physio-Biochemical
Performance of Wheat Cultivars Under Alkaline
Stress Conditions using a Shotgun Approach
1
Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
2
State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology,
Shanghai 200237, PR China
3
Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
4
Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,
P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
5
Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia
6
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
7
School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
8
Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
Submission date: 2023-06-07
Final revision date: 2024-03-22
Acceptance date: 2024-04-30
Online publication date: 2024-09-04
Publication date: 2025-01-28
Corresponding author
Arif Nazir
Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 1-Km Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 1-Km Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(3):2555-2565
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Alkalinity stress is a very common occurrence in both semiarid and arid climates. It not only
slows crop growth but also reduces yields significantly. A hydroponic screening technique was used
to identify the genetic variation in growth, physio-biochemical, and ionic homeostasis caused by
alkalinity stress in wheat cultivars under 0 mM, 40 mM, and 80 mM alkaline stress conditions using
NaHCO3:Na2CO3 with a ratio of 9:1. The results showed that alkalinity stress significantly decreased
the root length of wheat cultivars by 20.05% and 46.07%, shoot length by 25.91% and 50.16%, root
fresh weight by 30.84% and 41.79%, shoot fresh weight by 18.91% and 41.80%, root dry weight
by 43.63% and 60%, and shoot dry weight by 20.28% and 46.95%, at 40 mM and 80 mM,
respectively, in comparison with the control. Likewise, alkalinity stress significantly increased K+ ion
accumulation and decreased water relations and photosynthetic attributes. It also enhanced the rate
of lipid peroxidation, Na+ ion concentration, action of antioxidant enzymes, proline concentration,
and sugars under stress conditions. The Akbar-2019 variety performed comparatively better than
the rest of the cultivars under stress situations in terms of growth, biomass, antioxidant potential,
and biochemical cationic characteristics. Hence, it is concluded that Akbar-2019 is the most recommended alkaline-tolerant suitable cultivar due to its better tolerance in varied soil environments
affected by alkalization.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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