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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Germination and Seedling Characteristics
of Camelina sativa L. under Abiotic
Stress Conditions
1
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
2
Yantai Institute of China Agricultural University, Yantai, China
3
College of Agriculture, Al-Qadisiyah University, Iraq
4
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040 Faisalabad, Pakistan
5
Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University,
P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
6
Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
7
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha,
Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
8
Agronomy Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, 32611, USA
Submission date: 2024-03-22
Final revision date: 2024-06-24
Acceptance date: 2024-07-09
Online publication date: 2025-02-25
Publication date: 2025-07-05
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(5):5161-5172
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Camelina sative is commonly called false flax, which is a low-input crop currently researched
as an alternate oilseed crop. Different abiotic stress disturbed the physiological and biochemical processes
in seeds. Germination or emergence are considered critical phases in the ontogeny of plants. A number
of experiments were planned under control conditions to know the response of C. sativa seeds’ germination,
emergence, and establishment of seedlings to different environmental factors. Results revealed that
C. sativa showed maximum germination and seedling growth at 25/15ºC day/night temperature;
however, decreasing trends were shown at 35/25ºC. Camelina sativa germination was influenced by
pH ranging from 5 to 10 and sensitive to acidic and saline mediums. Reduction in seed germination
was noted when NaCl at 250 mM concentration was applied, while 300 mM NaCl concentration
completely inhibited the germination. The effect of osmotic potential from 0 to -0.2 MPa was nonsignificant;
however, germination was completely inhibited at -1.0 MPa. The seeds placed on the soil
surface showed 56% germination, whereas emergence from a seeding depth of 1-2 cm was maximum
(77%). A seeding depth of 7 cm completely inhibited the emergence. Germination attributes like
time to start germination, mean germination time, germination index, and seedling establishment of C. sativa are significantly influenced by environmental factors. Seed ecological information
of this species will be helpful to determine its potential distribution in new localities, especially
in problem soils. Furthermore, understanding the seed ecological preferences of C. sativa enables
farmers to identify suitable locations for cultivation. Overall, integrating the germination attributes and
seed ecological information into cultivation strategies helps the farmers mitigate risks and achieve more
efficient and sustainable C. sativa production.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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