The optimization of regional land use structures and functions and the sustainable use of the ecological environment are very important in the process of urbanization. In this study, based on the Landsat 7+ETM images of Nanping City from 2015, the object-oriented land use classification method was used to calculate the value of ecosystem services in Nanping City and various counties (districts).The spatial distribution characteristics between the levels of population urbanization, spatial urbanization, economic urbanization, and living urbanization and the value of ecosystem services were quantitatively analyzed by utilizing spatial measurement methods. The impact of the levels of four types of urbanization on the spatial distribution of ecosystem services values was explored using the bivariate spatial autocorrelation method. The results showed that there was a significant negative spatial correlation between population urbanization and the total value of ecosystem services. Specifically, the negative correlation between population urbanization and food production services was the most significant. Additionally, there was a certain positive correlation between economic urbanization and waste disposal services. Further, the bivariate LISA figures between different urbanization levels and the values of ecosystem services showed that a high urbanization-low ecosystem services value (High-Low) appeared in Jian’ou and Shaowu, while the regions of Guangze and Shunchang reflected a low urbanization-high ecosystem services value (Low-High).The findings of this study can provide information for decision-making regarding the sensible use of regional land resources and the improvement of ecological and environmental quality.