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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
China's Path to Sustainability: The
Role of Green Technologies, Resource
Efficiency, and Environmental Policies
1
School of Public Policy, University College London, London WCLHOAW, United Kingdom
2
Research Scholar, Institute of Business Management Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-Pakistan
Submission date: 2024-05-23
Final revision date: 2024-07-12
Acceptance date: 2024-08-03
Online publication date: 2025-04-22
Publication date: 2025-07-05
Corresponding author
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(5):5369-5382
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
China has experienced rapid economic growth that requires high energy consumption. This may
hinder the achievement of sustainable development goals. The adoption of green energy technologies
(GET), efficiency of natural resources (NR), and stringency of environmental policies (EVP) are essential
to facilitate sustainable development in the country. In this regard, the current study aims to analyze the
impact of GET, NR, and EVP on the green growth (GG) and energy transition (ET) of the country. For
this purpose, we applied the unique econometric technique “Bootstrap Fourier quantile causality” on
quarterly data from 1996Q1 to 2020Q4. The findings reveal that all the variables have unidirectional
causality with GG and ET. Moreover, GET and NR had a substantial impact on GG, demonstrating that
both GET and NR are crucial drivers of GG. In the case of ET, GET had a strong positive and increasing
impact on ET from low to high quantiles. Similarly, NR also demonstrated a substantial impact on ET at
higher quantiles only. This highlights that a higher GET and well-endowed NR may accelerate ET. EVP
had a very strong synergistic impact on both GG and ET, along with GET and NR. EVP reinforced and
intensified the effects of Get and NR on GG and ET. Therefore, China must focus on the development
of effective EVPs and their uniform stringency across all regions to achieve a GG and sustainable ET.
Moreover, investment in green technologies, the provision of financial incentives to foster the adoption
of green technologies, region-based development of strategies to promote the consumption of renewable
energy sources, and their integration into the national grid may significantly contribute to GG and ET.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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